Pics & Goodies
0dBFS+ Levels in Digital Mastering
Søren H. Nielsen & Thomas Lund
A sine tone at 0dBFS is often believed to be the maximum level obtainable from a digital medium.
Therefore it is typically the maximum level digital filters and analog circuitry in consumer equipment is aimed at reproducing.
As we have showed in previous papers, inter-sample peaks may be considerably higher than 0dBFS.
This paper examines the sonic consequences when 0dBFS+ signals are reproduced in typical consumer equipment. The performance of a variety of domestic CD players exposed to such signals are presented and evaluated.
Bob Katz: "The Secret Of The Mastering Engineer"
Bob Katz has written this brilliant booklet about audio philosophy and technology to improve the general understanding of mastering and mastering techniques.
"Mastering is a fine craft learned over years of practice, study and careful listening. I hope that this booklet will help you on that journey."
Bob Katz
System 6000 Brochure
5.1 Surround
Thomas Lund
This essay is presented as an introduction to surround sound for the studio professional working in smaller (20 m2 - 60 m2) control rooms.
Although originally developed for film, multi-channel surround formats offer unique creative opportunities for music mixing and many other applications.
Creative minds and critical audiences are beginning to understand that surround is not just about explosive action effects. It is also about creating a credible illusion of the sonic landscape of an open field, or of the din of an industrial workplace or of the ambience of a concert hall.
In short, it is about creating sound with a level of realism, immersement and involvement that is impossible with only two audio channels.
A rapidly expanding consumer base has already been exposed to the pleasures of surround sound for movies, music, computer games, television programming, etc. In light of the substantial investments in 5.1 audio equipment for the home, it is reasonable to expect a growing disenchantment with two-channel audio and strong demand for multi-channel software of all kinds.
In the early years of the new millennium, the two-channel paradigm will fade away as stereo gives way to multi-channel surround sound for transmission and storage of music, movies, computer games and television, providing unprecedented creative opportunities for producers, directors, recording engineers and performers.
The future is discrete, digital, multi-channel surround sound. And that future is now.
If you want to read more, you can download the entire essay as a pdf.
Clock & Synchronization in System 6000
Christian G. Frandsen
This document will discuss the clock, synchronization and interface design of TC System 6000 and deal with several of the factors that must be considered when using a digital studio. We will go through different aspects in this area e.g. - What is jitter, what causes it and how is it removed on System 6000.
- Measurements comparing a conventional clock design to that of System 6000.
- Synchronization in digital audio studios in general.
The article is addressed to the users of System 6000 and other high-end digital studio equipment. It is meant to be a guide to an optimized digital studio setup. It is our experience that many of the problems in a digital setup can be solved by knowledge alone, so hopefully the document will help to answer some of the questions and to clear some of the typical misunderstandings relating to timing and clock generation. System 6000 MKII Manuals
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